The province includes Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island with, a total area of 199.45 km² within the reefs and including the lagoons, and 114,400 m² of dry out land. Whilst they have a entire of 74.1 km of shoreline, measured along the outer edge of the reef, there are no ports or harbors, only offshore anchorage.

Nearby Hibernia Reef, 42 km Northeast of Ashmore Reef, is not separate of the province. It has no permanently dry land area, although large area of the reef turn into exposed in the period of low tide.